What data is needed to catalize agricultural transformation and to realize impact on SDG2?

Data can impact agriculture and food security in many different ways. The table below provides a heatmap of the expected impact for different data categories generally found within governments. The coloring of the heatmap is indicative and a number of use cases are provided. These use cases can be explored by hovering the heat map. By clicking on the different cells a more comprehensive overvied of the different data categories are provided.

Data category Empowering farmers Optimizing agricultural practice Supporting Agrifinance Facilitating the value chain Enforcing policies Government efficiency and transparency
Agricultural law and regulations
Official records
Finance data
Rural development project data
Land use data and productivity data
Value Chain Data
Infrastructure data
Market Data
Meteorological data
Elevation data
Hydrological data
Soil data
Production advice data
Pest and disease management data
  • Empowering farmers
  • Optimizing agricultural practice
  • Stimuating Agrifinance
  • Facilitating the value chain
  • Enforcing policies
  • Government efficiency and transparency
  • Policy and legislation texts relevant for the agricultural sector
  • Farmers can optimise their position with regard to subsidy opportunities, legal restrictions and other policy instruments
  • Financial service providers can anticipate subsidy opportunities, legal restrictions and other policy instruments
  • Financial service providers can anticipate subsidy opportunities, legal restrictions and other policy instruments
  • Value chain actors can optimise their position with regard to subsidy opportunities, legal restrictions and other policy instruments
  • Information services can be build on the data increasing the outreach of the information to other audiences in creative ways
  • Laws and regulations can be shared to a wider audience in creative ways and can be made machine searchable
  • Lists of organisations, people, or products officially registered, permitted or restricted as a result of legislation
  • Access to curated registries prevents misuse and fraud (for example, open access to the list of registered companies from the Chamber of Commerce to assess the legal status of a trader/Land registration ).
  • By having better access to official documents, such as lists of permitted/restricted crop protection products, red list species, quarantine diseases etc, farmers can make more sustainable choices.
  • Clear land ownership registration may function as collateral for financial institutes, thereby increasing the access to finance for the farmer.
  • Access to curated registries, e.g. Chamber of Commerce, prevents misuse and fraud etc., contributing to government transparency.
  • Clear land ownership registration facilitates agricultural monitoring by government, resulting in better policies to improve and sustain agricultural production
  • Open databases of official records facilitate internal collaboration within the government and facilitates the implementation of policies building on these records
  • Data on the financial management of the government, budgets, spending
  • Farmers can use the data to provide feedback to the government about how taxes are spent.
  • Make more strategic decisions in agrifinance and value chain development as a result of knowing knowing in what commodities and regions the government is investing.
  • make more strategic decisions in agrifinance and value chain development as a result of knowing knowing in what commodities and regions the government is investing.
  • Value chain actors can use the data to provide feedback to the government about how taxes are spent.
  • help to improve budget policies by providing information on food security needs and priorities directly or through connections with citizens, communities and particular sectors;
  • monitor the use of public resources, helping to prevent misuse or corruption;
  • Data describing rural development projects funded by a government
  • Farmers can use the data to provide feedback to the government about how taxes are spent.
  • Private sector organisations, including the financial sector, can use the rural development data to better align their investments with government funding, avoiding duplication.
  • Value chain actors can use the data to provide feedback to the government about how taxes are spent.
  • Governments and other donors can better coordinate (international) resources and take other projects into account as they develop their own budgets, making rural development more effective.
  • Organisations carrying out development projects can use the data to design complementary projects, to find collaborating partners, and to learn from best practices, making rural development more effective.
  • Civil society can use the data to monitor project implementation and spending, supporting the effective use of resources.
  • Detailed information coming from baseline and project evaluation results can be used as input for agricultural research.
  • Data describing the land use, crop types and production of an area or region
  • A farmer or their advisor may use the data to plan the crops to be planted next year in relation to the cropping pattern in the region in the previous year(s)
  • Information on previous harvest successes allows financial service providers to make better estimates of the risk they take when providing loans or insuring farmers in a certain area and in making strategic decisions on how to develop their business
  • Processors, storage facilities and traders need to plan and anticipate the next harvest. By having data on the success of previous harvests or data on the (condition of) the standing crop they can plan better.
  • Having data on the land use in different regions allows input suppliers to expand or adopt their business strategically.
  • Data can be used to evaluate the success of agricultural policies.
  • Data only needs to be shared once, being accessible for other government bodies, researchers or for reporting indicators under different international treaties, e.g. UN Sustainable Development Goals.
  • Data describing the value chain and it's activities
  • Farmers can use the data to benchmark their farm against the results of others to understand the competitiveness of their farm and see what should be improved.
  • Financial service providers can use value-chain data to profile new or existing clients before lending or insuring their clients, being better able to make a risk estimates facilitating financial inclusion.
  • Input suppliers, processors and traders can forecast their business better and meet local and regional needs by knowing the type of farms, their characteristics and competitiveness in a region.  
  • Other value-chain actors can also benchmark their company against similar companies to understand their competitiveness and see what aspects should be improved.
  • Data can be used  by civil society to evaluate the success of government policies
  • Data only needs to be shared once, being accessible thereafter by other government bodies, researchers or for reporting indicators according to the terms of international agreements and treaties, e.g. SDG.
  • Data describing national networks for roads, water, ICT including the condition, maintenance
  • Farmers can make informed decisions on their trading options leading to more equitable markets.
  • Financial service providers use this information as part of a larger risk assessment of a client to better understand their trading options.
  • Other value-chain actors can also make more informed decisions on logistics. Accessibility is key information for strategic business development in rural areas; this is especially important for traders, transporters, processors, loan agents etc.
  • Data on the location of markets, market prices, market standards
  • By knowing about crop price history farmers can make more informed decisions on what to plant.
  • With improved knowledge of local and national prices a farmer is better able to negotiate at the farm gate.
  • With Knowledge of local market prices farmers can choose where to sell their crops.
  • By having better price information
  • Other value-chain actors can monitor market developments better
  • Quantitative data on weather and climate
  • By having timely and accurate weather information, a farmer can plan farming activities better
  • Sharing trends in climate changes allows the development of anticipating farming strategies
  • Sharing trends in climate changes allows financial institutes to better estimate investment risk investigation for financial institutions, resulting in better access to finance for farmers.
  • By having access to near real-time weather observations, insurance companies are enabled to build index insurance products, reducing food security risks for the farmer and increasing the access to finance
  • By having timely and accurate weather information, other vaue chain actors can plan their activities better
  • Data describing the elevation of the terrain and it's derivates
  • Farmers can get better farm advice via SMS or mobile apps when the message is adjusted to their location and local topography that may affect temperature, exposure, erosion, rainfall, climate, weather extremes, etc.
  • Better insights into local agro-ecological growing conditions contributes to a more accurate risk assessment for financial service providers
  • Better planning of logistical services taking into account the variations in the terrain
  • Data describing the state and dynamics of ground and surface water
  • Strategic adaptation of farming systems to trends in water availability, e.g. discharge of a river becoming more ephemeral or saline.
  • Financial service providers can make a better risk assessment for their clients or determine their focus areas.
  • Input suppliers can make better business decisions on what to sell where if they have abetter understanding of the agroecological conditions
  • Data describing soil properties
  • A detailed soil map or soil samples at or near the fields may provide a better understanding of the soil characteristics, resulting in better crop selection, input use and management practice
  • Better understanding of the differences in soil quality in different regions and of related crops, input use and management practice can be used by financial service providers to make better risk estimates.
  • Better understanding of the differences in soil quality in different regions and of related crops, input use and management practice can allow input suppliers to devise better marketing strategies.
  • Data related to crop selection, crop and land management
  • When shared in an usable and understandable manner, farmers can use the data to improve their farming practice, resulting in a higher yields and more sustainable systems.
  • A strong extension system increases the confidence of financial service providers in the risks they take while lending money or insuring farmers, facilitating financial inclusion.
  • Knowledge of local varieties, practice and yield expectations helps financial service providers to make better risk estimates.
  • Input suppliers can plan their business using the latest government recommendations in agriculture
  • Government extension information is shared more widely and changes implemented more swiftly, increasing the impact.
  • Data on the distribution of pest and diseases and their treatment
  • Farmers may use pesticide only when responding to a real threat during the growing season, saving money and the environment. When a pest or disease does occur, immediate action can prevent severe crop loss and halt the spread of the problem
  • Finacial service providers may use the data to make better risk profiles or to access dammage claims
  • Input suppliers can anticipate the need for pesticides and other resources.